Foreword

Superpower is a state or supranational union that holds a dominant position characterized by the ability to exert influence or exert power on a global scale through economic, military, technological and political means.

TABLE DES MATIERES

- Qui est l’agresseur ? L’hostilité et l’intérêt vital

- La « Souveraineté » (C.Schmitt) contre la « Groundnorm » (H.Kelsen)
- Renforcement ou affaiblissement des alliances ?
- Contexte historique et évolution des alliances. 

Foreword

For decades, France maintained control over its former African colonies by supporting local strongmen. The 2023 coups in Niger and Gabon against governments accused of being aligned with Paris show that the informal French empire is disintegrating.

Foreword

The Russo-Ukrainian war risks following the usual pattern of other interstate conflicts since 1946: absent the end of fighting during the first year, conventional wars last over a decade on average. The most likely endings are a frozen conflict or cease-fire potentially sooner than a decade, and perhaps, over time, a negotiated armistice.

Foreword

2024 is a year of global risks, challenges, ballots and bullets.

Foreword

Rarely a week passes without announcements that Artificial Intelligence (AI) has achieved new capabilities. Since the arrival of Generative AI, ChatGPT, and subsequent Large Language Models (LLMs)  discussion of AI's proliferating uses and their implications is increasingly visible in mainstream media.

https://www.enderi.fr/L-exercice-steadfast-defender-24-de-l-OTAN_a1254.html

L’exercice et son « sens »

Que reste-t-il de l’idée d’Europe ? (sensemaking.fr)

Du « Manifeste de Ventotene (1941) » au « Traité de Rome (1957) »

Foreword

In recent years, conflicts and humanitarian crises have multiplied and intensified. Human rights and humanitarian law violations continued to deteriorate in 2023. And in the years to come, conflicts, impacts of the climate crisis and economic inequalities will remain the main drivers of humanitarian needs.

Foreword

The dynamics of the Mediterranean region are increasingly affected by the interplay of the US, Russian, and Chinese efforts to strengthen their respective regional positions. The US disengagement has led to a greater Russian and Chinese presence and to the growth of their influence at political, economic, and military levels.